Rolls-Royce believes its small modular reactors (SMRs) could power the next wave of artificial intelligence, supplying steady, low-carbon electricity to energy-hungry data centres and helping the company become Britain’s most valuable firm.

Chief executive Tufan Erginbilgic told the BBC that modular nuclear units — designed for quicker, cheaper deployment than traditional plants — could underpin AI growth and open a lucrative global export market. The pitch comes as International Energy Agency data shows worldwide data-centre power demand is set to more than double from 415 terawatt-hours in 2024 to around 945 TWh by 2030, with AI servers a major driver.

Government backing has been strong. The UK has named the Rolls-Royce SMR a preferred bidder for the first domestic fleet and signed a fast-track export partnership with Czechia. Ministers say SMRs can boost jobs, energy security and exports. Rolls-Royce, whose nuclear expertise stems from Royal Navy submarine programmes, also recently won a major Ministry of Defence contract to design and support naval reactors — bolstering its civil SMR credentials.

Analysts see potential demand for hundreds of SMRs globally by mid-century, with major tech companies already seeking reliable, low-carbon power for AI workloads. But commercial hurdles remain: no SMR has yet been deployed at scale, and projects face regulatory scrutiny, supply-chain ramp-up, financing risks and the challenge of integrating new nuclear capacity with grid infrastructure and data-centre locations.

Supporters say factory manufacture and repeatable designs could drive costs down once early units are proven, aligning industrial strategy with decarbonisation goals. Critics warn that first-of-a-kind delays or public opposition could slow momentum.

If regulatory approvals, grid upgrades and investment align, Rolls-Royce’s SMR-for-AI plan could anchor a new export sector for the UK. The ultimate test will be delivery — turning preferred-bidder status and vision statements into operating reactors powering the AI economy.

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