The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) has warned that the UK risks being overtaken in a fast-changing global labour market unless lifelong learning becomes central to national skills policy and employer strategy.

In its report Lifelong learning in the reskilling era: From luxury to necessity, the CIPD says technological change, demographic shifts and the net-zero transition are “reshaping the jobs landscape”. Without decisive reform, millions could be left behind as roles vanish or evolve beyond current skillsets.

The institute highlights steep declines in training access with age — just 51% of 45–54-year-olds and 47% of over-55s feel they are still developing in their roles — and persistent socio-economic divides in participation. According to the Learning and Work Institute, 60% of adults in the highest socio-economic group engaged in recent learning compared with only 39% in the lowest.

Generative AI, big data, cybersecurity and green technologies are expected to see the fastest skills growth, the CIPD says, but will require targeted reskilling in both technical and human-centred capabilities. The UK Government’s Green Jobs Taskforce estimates one in five jobs will change by 2050, demanding coordinated action between employers, training providers and regional markets.

Despite rising demand, employer investment in training fell 27% between 2011 and 2022, while public spending on adult learning has dropped about a third in real terms since 2003–04. The CIPD calls for clearer incentives, modular training, paid learning leave and better use of the Apprenticeship Levy to reverse this decline.

It points to international models such as Austria, Estonia, the Netherlands and Singapore, where vouchers, learning accounts and short courses have boosted participation when paired with employer engagement and labour-market alignment.

Employers, the CIPD argues, should make lifelong learning part of business strategy, offering flexible, paid training linked to progression, especially for older and lower-paid staff.

The institute says the UK can still lead in AI and green innovation if it acts now, but warns that failing to invest risks deepening inequality and eroding regional resilience. “With the right policy mix and employer commitment, lifelong learning can shift from a luxury to a national strength,” the report concludes.

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